Zeta potential measurement is of increasing interest in optimizing the removal of solids from the large volumes of waste water produced by industries such as food, paper and mineral extraction. Waste water treatment poses a significant economic challenge for much of manufacturing industry, since the cost of disposal or of pre-treatment to remove particulates can be very high.
The flocculation state of waste water is altered by changes in pH, the addition of chemical flocculants, such as charged polymers, and the presence of aluminium chloride or other highly charged salts. Measurement of zeta potential in combination with these parameters is fundamental in the development and maintenance of optimized water treatment protocols.
Controlling the particle size of ink and toner products has a direct effect on image properties, light fastness and permanence, gloss, anchorage, lamination and color gamut.